Top 10 African countries by population at the start of 2025

Africa’s population continues to rise, with ten countries leading the continent in population size as of early 2025. This growth shows opportunities and challenges, including infrastructure development, healthcare access, and job creation.

From 228.7 million in 1950 to 1.5 billion in 2022, Africa’s population now represents nearly 18% of the global total. By 2050, it is projected to reach 2.5 billion, a 90% increase, according to Statista.

Nigeria is set to remain Africa’s most populous country, with over 401 million people by 2050. The CIA reports that African nations dominate global rankings for the fastest population growth rates.

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To harness this growth, experts emphasise investments in education, healthcare, and sustainable development to transform challenges into opportunities for economic progress.

According to Worldometer, here are the top 10 African countries by population at the start of 2025

1. Nigeria: 235,141,560

Nigeria remains the most populous country in Africa. Its population size underscores the importance of addressing issues such as urbanisation, education, and healthcare. With a growing youth population, Nigeria has the potential to leverage its human capital for economic growth, provided necessary investments are made.

2. Ethiopia: 133,790,524

Ethiopia’s population growth has been driven by high birth rates. As the second-most populous country on the continent, it continues to focus on improving infrastructure and expanding access to resources to accommodate its growing population.

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3. Egypt: 117,467,588

Egypt’s population growth is centred around urban areas like Cairo and Alexandria. The country has faced challenges in balancing population demands with resource availability, particularly water. Its large population also contributes to a robust labour market and domestic economy.

4. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): 111,077,135

The DRC’s population growth reflects its expansive land area and high fertility rates. However, the country faces challenges in meeting the basic needs of its citizens. Addressing infrastructure gaps and improving governance remain critical for sustainable development.

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5. Tanzania: 69,566,592

Tanzania’s population is spread across its vast landscapes, with rural communities forming a significant portion. The government continues to focus on enhancing education and healthcare to meet the needs of its growing population.

6. South Africa: 64,383,893

South Africa’s population is unique due to its slower growth rate compared to other African nations. Urbanisation remains a key feature, with cities like Johannesburg and Cape Town being major population centres. Economic inequality remains a pressing issue that needs addressing to ensure inclusive growth.

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7. Kenya: 56,991,554

Kenya’s population growth has created both opportunities and challenges. The country’s focus on education and innovation positions it well to harness its demographic potential. Efforts to improve living standards in urban and rural areas are ongoing.

8. Sudan: 51,064,634

Sudan’s population continues to grow despite political and economic challenges. The country is working to stabilise its economy and address social needs to provide a better future for its citizens.

Read also: 10 African countries with the lowest population at the outset of 2024

9. Uganda: 50,709,682

Uganda’s youthful population is one of the fastest-growing in Africa. Efforts to improve education and job opportunities are essential to harness the potential of this demographic. Addressing healthcare and infrastructure gaps remains a priority.

10. Algeria: 47,130,307

Algeria’s population growth is influenced by its high urbanisation rates. The country continues to explore ways to balance population growth with sustainable resource management.