The numbers that once defined Africa's technology story were optimistic. Between 2019 and 2022, venture capital into African startups surged past the $3 billion mark for the first time in recorded history. Unicorns and founder profiles graced the covers of global business magazines. The continent, long framed as a frontier, was suddenly a destination. Yet capital has never been an end in itself. It is merely an accelerant.
The more difficult question, and perhaps the more consequential one, is whether Africa has invested with equal urgency i
