Future of transportation is electric not fuel, is Africa ready?

The year 2025 comes with a lot of hope and many aspirations. One of such is the increased benefits and possibilities surrounding electric vehicles (EVs). Although it is no longer news, and it does not come as a surprise, petrol and diesel-powered automobiles, to which we have long been accustomed, still dominate the motoring landscape, particularly in Africa, despite innovations and developments in mobility and transportation.

No doubt, the world is advancing clean and renewable energy options, especially around the adaptation of electric vehicles (EVs). Furthermore, the popularity of EVs is growing, and their adoption is already rapid in developed economies. However, what baffles the author is Nigeria’s seeming indifference, as we continuously go about our daily tasks without acknowledging global trends. It is common knowledge that the path forward is achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 across all business units and supply chains, including transportation. This is a key global priority, with a growing renewable energy footprint worldwide, yet Africa appears to lag behind.

According to records and a survey conducted by the author in 2024 across the Republic of Ireland—a small country with a population of fewer than six million—four out of every five homes now power their cars with 100% electricity. This transformation demonstrates that the future of energy is electric. Such acceptance promotes energy security, zero emissions, reduced energy costs, and a sustainable future, all without significant economic concerns.

The question arises: is this achievable in Nigeria in the near future? Achieving net-zero emissions in Africa presents significant challenges due to factors such as limited access to reliable electricity, reliance on traditional fuels, and underdeveloped infrastructure. In Nigeria, and indeed most African countries, the transportation sector is one of the largest contributors to global carbon emissions. Traditional gasoline and diesel vehicles are primary sources of air pollution and environmental degradation.

In response to these concerns, the rise of electric vehicles (EVs) could represent a significant shift toward more sustainable and eco-friendly transportation options. As the world grapples with climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels, EVs offer a promising solution to reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, and promote sustainability. This article explores the key benefits and policy options necessary to unlock the future potential of electric vehicles in Nigeria and across Africa.

One of the most compelling benefits of widespread EV adoption is its environmental impact. Unlike traditional vehicles that run on internal combustion engines, EVs are powered by electricity stored in batteries, which means they produce zero emissions. This can significantly reduce air pollution, particularly in urban areas such as Lagos, Port Harcourt, and Abuja, where traffic congestion and poor air quality are major concerns. By shifting from gasoline to electricity, EVs can help reduce the emission of harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter, which are linked to health challenges and climate change.

Carbon dioxide emissions are a key driver of climate change. The gas traps heat in the atmosphere, gradually warming the planet and causing intense heat waves and ecosystem disruptions. To mitigate these effects, reducing CO2 emissions from combustion engines is imperative. EVs, which are more energy-efficient than their gasoline-powered counterparts, present an ideal solution. They require less maintenance, with fewer repairs expected due to their reduced number of moving parts. There is no need for oil changes, filters, or radiators. Additionally, brake systems last longer due to regenerative braking technology, a feature common in many EVs.

Although EVs have a higher initial purchase price, they are more cost-effective in the long run, with lower operational costs. The cost of electricity for charging is typically lower than the cost of gasoline or diesel, further reducing the lifetime cost of owning an EV.

Technological advancements in battery storage, such as solid-state batteries and faster-charging technologies, are expected to further enhance EV performance, affordability, and convenience. As the global demand for clean energy grows, it is hoped that African governments, particularly Nigeria’s, will intensify efforts to encourage EV adoption. While Nigeria’s recent focus on promoting Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as an alternative to high fuel costs is commendable, the global standard and future of transportation is electric.

Many countries have introduced stricter emissions regulations, offering financial incentives such as tax credits, rebates, and subsidies to make EVs more accessible. Nigeria should not be an exception. The government can introduce similar policies and set ambitious goals to phase out new gasoline and diesel vehicles in favor of zero-emission models. Additionally, investment in public charging infrastructure, home charging solutions, and widespread charging stations should be prioritized. Encouraging car manufacturers and private companies to set up assembly plants in Africa is another vital step. These efforts will help reduce “range anxiety” and make EVs a viable option for everyday consumers.

While challenges such as charging infrastructure, battery costs, and range limitations remain, ongoing technological advancements, supportive policies, and growing consumer demand are driving the global transition toward a cleaner, more sustainable transportation system. This transition can happen in Africa as well. As EVs become more affordable and accessible, they have the potential to significantly reduce reliance on fossil fuels, improve air quality, and create a more sustainable future for generations to come.

Good luck!

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Dr. Timi Olubiyi, an Entrepreneurship & Business Management expert with a Ph.D. in Business Administration from Babcock University, Nigeria. A prolific investment coach, adviser, author, columnist, seasoned scholar, Member of the Institute of Directors, Chartered Member of the Chartered Institute for Securities & Investment (CISI), and Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) registered capital market operator. He can be reached on the Twitter handle @drtimiolubiyi and via email: [email protected], for any questions, reactions, and comments. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the author- Dr Timi Olubiyi and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of others.