Have you seen the movie “Afamefuna” on Netflix? It captures a Southeastern tradition that has stood the test of time and proven to be a powerful engine for business and economic growth. The Igbo apprenticeship system, known locally as “Igba-Boi,” has for generations fostered entrepreneurship, creating a vibrant network of successful companies across southeastern Nigeria. As Nigeria grapples with high unemployment rates and seeks sustainable economic development, this indigenous model offers valuable lessons for nationwide application.
This apprenticeship system is a unique form of business mentorship where a young apprentice (the “Boi”) works under the guidance of an established business owner (the “Oga”). Over a period typically spanning five to seven years, the apprentice gains comprehensive, hands-on experience in the trade. Upon successful completion, the Oga provides the apprentice with a “settlement”—startup capital and goods—enabling them to launch their own business in the same industry.
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The success of this apprenticeship system can be attributed to its practical approach to education and business training. Unlike formal education, which often emphasises theoretical knowledge, this apprenticeship system is grounded in real-world experience. Apprentices learn by doing, acquiring skills directly applicable to the business world. They are taught everything from customer service and inventory management to financial planning and market strategy. This holistic training equips them with the necessary tools to thrive as entrepreneurs.
Moreover, this apprenticeship system fosters a culture of loyalty, trust, mutual support, and strong values. The relationship between the Oga and the Boi is built on respect and shared goals. The Oga invests in the apprentice’s development, and in return, the apprentice contributes to the growth of the business. This reciprocal arrangement not only facilitates knowledge transfer but also strengthens social bonds and creates a robust support network for emerging entrepreneurs.
“Implementing this apprenticeship model on a broader scale could be transformative, driving job creation, entrepreneurial growth, and economic development across the country.”
The Southeast apprenticeship system, celebrated for its success in fostering entrepreneurship and business acumen, can serve as a powerful formal model for state, regional, and nationwide application. Implementing this apprenticeship model on a broader scale could be transformative, driving job creation, entrepreneurial growth, and economic development across the country.
How can we expand this apprenticeship system for a wider application?
Expanding its industries and skills development: Moving beyond conventional businesses, such as the trading of imported goods, to include a wider variety of sectors and industries such as agribusiness, information technology, manufacturing, and fintech can help create a more balanced and robust economy. Additionally, integrating new industry-specific skills such as modern business practices, digital literacy, and soft skills training will help expand the scope of this apprenticeship system for nationwide application.
Fostering a 21st century entrepreneurial mindset: Incorporating training on innovation, problem-solving, and business planning will help apprentices develop the 21st-century skills needed to think creatively and take calculated risks for launching and sustaining transformational businesses post-apprenticeship, keeping pace with evolving market demands.
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Providing post-apprenticeship support: How can we ensure that new businesses created by outgoing apprentices are sustainable and scalable? Access to finance, product, and market linkage—similar to the Igbo apprenticeship system—is key to the success of these new businesses. Establishing community-based mentorship networks and encouraging corporate social responsibility is also crucial for nationwide application.
This apprenticeship system is a testament to the power of indigenous knowledge and practices in driving economic development. By scaling this proven apprenticeship model, Nigeria can harness the potential of its youth, create jobs, and build a more inclusive and prosperous economy. As we look to the future, let us draw inspiration from this time-honoured tradition and work together to create a brighter, more sustainable future for all Nigerians.
Kingsley Obiukwu is a businessman and socio-economic specialist with extensive expertise in real estate and hospitality.
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