South Africa’s top scientists say that at the time European and other countries began to impose travel bans, the horse had long since bolted. Omicron had likely ‘already spread globally’, they wrote in the Lancet this week.
The authors — Marc Mendelson‚ Francois Venter‚ Mosa Moshabela‚ Glenda Gray‚ Lucille Blumberg‚ Tulio de Oliveira and Shabir Madhi — say the travel bans implemented across the world were not only ineffective‚ but also did significantly more harm than good.
“By their nature‚ Sars-CoV-2 variants are several steps ahead of the international travel curve. Once community transmission of an airborne virus is occurring‚ travel restrictions have little effect; before travel bans can be imposed a variant identified in Country A has most likely already spread to Country B and‚ thereafter‚ globally‚” they say.
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Last week‚ South Africa’s health authorities announced the discovery of the new variant.
Within a day‚ travel bans had already been introduced‚ first by the UK and then by a host of other nations against a number of Southern African countries. Yesterday the UK extended the restrictions by this including Nigeria in its travel red list.
But in their Lancet piece‚ the six experts point out that‚ just two days after Omicron was announced‚ the variant was already sequenced in from an unvaccinated traveller returning to Belgium from Egypt‚ via Turkey‚ who became symptomatic 11 days later — with the traveller having no ties with or exposure to anyone from Southern Africa.
“Countries with robust surveillance and genomics capability will be able to identify cases early; others will not. The folly of restricting travel to a handful of countries at best might only buy some time before the virus variant is eventually imported.
“Travel restrictions are unlikely to be able to stop the spread of coronaviruses unless countries are able to completely seal their borders to travellers from all nations. Predictably‚ soon after the UK travel ban announcement‚ cases of the Omicron variant were reported in Europe‚ the UK‚ North America‚ and‚ as of December 2‚ 2021‚ 25 countries in total‚” they wrote in the Lancet piece.
They added that‚ “paradoxically”‚ the most concerning variants for highly vaccinated countries would “likely arise in a high transmission environment where there are high levels of vaccine coverage‚ such as the UK‚ France‚ or Italy‚ to name but a few”.
The scientists were also critical of the bans‚ saying they were essentially a punishment for being transparent and reporting the latest developments as quickly as possible.
“In 2002‚ the Chinese government was criticised for withholding information on SARS. In November 2021‚ SA scientists rapidly and transparently shared the findings of mutation and genomic sequences of the latest Sars-CoV-2 variant.
“Rather than applaud their generosity and openness‚ travel bans have had the opposite effect and could be damaging to the health response‚ economy‚ and freedom of movement. This situation puts countries such as SA in a difficult position‚ and potentially threatens future willingness to share information and weakens global solidarity.
“Once again‚ SA and other Southern African countries have been stigmatised and will pay a heavy economic and societal price for sharing information. This experience is also likely to have a detrimental affect on the behaviour of other countries going forward‚” they write.
They are also critical of many wealthier countries not fully supporting an equitable Covid-19 response in low-income and middle-income countries.
“For example‚ of the promised 100-million Covid-19 vaccine doses to be donated to Covax by the UK‚ as of December 2‚ 2021‚ only 11.5% have been forthcoming.
“We believe governments need to attend to their failings rather than penalise other countries unnecessarily. The latest travel ban has devastated family holiday plans and an industry. SA’s tourism industry contributes about R82bn annually to the fiscus‚ by far the largest proportion coming from UK tourists. Tourism and allied industries account for an estimated 1.5-million jobs and livelihoods in SA.
“One day after the UK’s travel red-listing of South Africa occurred‚ the Federated Hospitality Association of Southern Africa and the Southern Africa Tourism Services Association did a survey of association members serving international markets. An average of 2‚506 cancellations had occurred among 603 respondents from tourist bookings they held over the next four months‚ representing 1.5-million cancellations in the first 48 hours after the travel ban began‚ and 390 respondents reported R940m of lost revenue‚” they write.
The scientists conclude by calling for the bans to be lifted.
“We call on the UK and other governments to reverse their damaging travel bans and follow the advice of the World Health Organisation and the International Health Regulations in keeping international borders open. Instituting public health measures to identify and manage cases of the Omicron variant would be a far better investment.
“The UK in particular is damaging the economy of SA by its actions. Countless families in many countries have once again had their plans dashed by the decisions of politicians who want to be seen to be doing something rather than focusing on what they should be doing — meaningfully supporting global Covid-19 vaccination efforts‚” they write.
