The year 2025 made unmistakably clear what had long been apparent but often denied: the post-World War II, post-Cold War global order is undergoing a fundamental transformation. The once-comforting belief that economic integration naturally produces mutual benefit, stability, and convergence has collapsed. In its place has emerged a harsher reality in which interdependence is selective, politicised, and frequently coercive. Trade is no longer simply about buying, selling, and settling payment. Finance, supply chains, payment systems, logisti
The year 2025 made unmistakably clear what had long been apparent but often denied: the post-World War II, post-Cold War global order is undergoing a fundamental transformation. The once-comforting belief that economic integration naturally produces mutual benefit, stability, and convergence has collapsed. In its place has emerged a harsher reality in which interdependence is selective, politicised, and frequently coercive. Trade is no longer simply about buying, selling, and settling payment. Finance, supply chains, payment systems, logisti