More than 800 million COVID-19 infections were missed across Africa between 2020 and 2021, according to a new World Health Organization study revealing that the true scale of cases was 97 times larger than reported confirmed cases.
The global health body found that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 skyrocketed from 3 percent in June 2020 to 65 percent in September 2021, or 800 million infections compared with 8.2 million cases reported at that time.
The study of seroprevalence on the continent finds that while up to 65 percent of Africans have been infected with the virus, exposure rose sharply following the emergence of the Beta and the Delta variants.
It reveals that the true number of infections could be as much as 97 times higher than the number of confirmed reported cases. This compares to the global average where a true number of infections is 16 times higher than the number of confirmed reported cases.
However, seroprevalence varied widely within and across countries in Africa, with infections higher in more dense urban areas than in less populated rural areas, and between age groups, with children aged 0-9 years having fewer infections compared with adults.
Exposure to the virus also varied between countries and Africa’s sub-regions: seroprevalence appears to be highest in Eastern, Western and Central African regions.
Globally seroprevalence studies have found a significant under-counting of cases occurring across the globe with 45.2 percent of the world’s population estimated to have been infected with the virus by September 2021. It is, however, difficult to compare figures for Africa with those of other regions, as many of the studies conducted cover different time periods.
The continent differentiates itself from other regions by its high number of asymptomatic cases, with 67 percent of cases having no symptoms.
“This analysis shows that current reported COVID-19 confirmed cases are only a fraction of the actual number of infections on the continent,” said Matshidiso Moeti, WHO Regional Director for Africa. “This under-counting is occurring worldwide and it’s no surprise that the numbers are particularly large in Africa where there are so many cases with no symptoms.”
Read also: Africa’s COVID infections 97 times larger than reported cases – WHO
Seroprevalence studies provide data on asymptomatic or under-reported infections that may have been missed by routine diagnostic testing, which in Africa has focused on travellers and people who came to hospitals with COVID-19 symptoms. While this new analysis provides insight into the evolution of the pandemic, routine testing remains a critical component of the COVID-19 pandemic in all countries.
“Testing enables us to track the virus in real-time, monitor its evolution and assess the emergence of new variants. Countries must ramp up testing, contact tracing and surveillance so we can stay a step ahead of COVID-19,” Moeti said.
As of April 6, 2022, there were 11.5 million confirmed cases and more than 252 000 deaths reported on the continent.
It is likely that numbers of actual exposure to the virus have increased even more since September 2021, the WHO said.
Africa has had milder COVID-19 cases compared with other parts of the world because there is a comparatively smaller proportion of people with risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension and other chronic diseases that are associated with more severe cases and deaths, the global health authority said, noting that Africa’s youthful population is also a protective factor.
“Despite Africa’s declining infections and high exposure to the virus, we cannot declare victory yet against COVID-19,” Dr Moeti said. “The seroprevalence analysis shows just how much the virus continues to circulate, particularly with new highly transmissible variants.
The risks of more lethal variants emerging which overwhelm immunity gained from past infections cannot be brushed aside. Vaccination remains a key weapon in the fight against COVID-19.”
