Dr. Arinze Okafor, a recent Ph.D. graduate in Cell Biology with a Graduate Certificate in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, is making significant strides in the field of genomics and precision medicine. His research, which includes the development of 3D-STARRseq technology and the identification of self-renewing muscle stem cells, focuses on functional genomics, cell biology, and bioinformatics.
Speaking with BusinessDay, Okafor shared his insights into the transformative potential of genomics, the future of cancer treatment, and his vision for equitable access to these advancements.
He began by explaining the promise of genomics and precision medicine. “Since the sequencing of the human genome, we know that our DNA encodes life and determines our health and how we respond to environmental factors,” he said.
“The field of genomics and precision medicine aims to use this information to design precise, targeted, and personalised therapies for chronic diseases.” While precision medicine has broad applications, Okafor is particularly focused on precision oncology, which tailors cancer treatments to the genetic profile of individual patients. “Cancer is highly complex, and understanding its genetic underpinnings allows us to develop therapies that are more effective and less harmful,” he explained.
When asked how genomic data can help pinpoint how environmental toxins cause cancer, Dr. Okafor highlighted recent advancements. “Environmental pollutants can damage DNA in specific ways or alter the cellular environment to favour cancer growth,” he said.
“By using modern genomic technologies, we can detect cancer-causing mutations with high accuracy and study how these mutations transform healthy cells into cancerous ones.”
He emphasised the importance of monitoring cancer cells over time, even after treatment. “Genomics tools allow us to track how cancer cells evolve and respond to therapies like chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This helps us recommend further treatments to prevent relapses and improve outcomes.”
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Okafor expressed optimism about the feasibility of personalised cancer treatments within the next decade. “The current state of science is very close to achieving this,” he said. However, he noted that translating lab discoveries into clinical applications requires collaboration between scientists, clinicians, government agencies, and investors. “Precision medicine is highly personalised, so regulatory mechanisms must adapt to its unique requirements,” he explained. “We also need better ways to target drugs specifically to cancer cells, minimising harm to healthy cells. With the right motivation from all stakeholders, I believe these advancements are achievable within ten years.”
Okafor stressed the importance of partnerships to ensure genomic advancements reach those who need them most. “Frequent and deliberate communication between scientists, policymakers, and industry stakeholders is crucial,” he said. “Scientists must actively pitch innovations, demonstrating their potential benefits for patients, public health, and the economy.” He added that proof of concept is essential. “As we produce more evidence of the effectiveness of precision medicine, we must work with patient advocacy groups and government agencies to make these innovations accessible globally.”
While cancer is a primary focus, Okafor believes precision medicine has broader applications. “Many chronic diseases, such as diabetes, kidney disease, and Alzheimer’s, are linked to DNA damage,” he said. “By understanding the genetic and functional genomic background of these diseases, we can design targeted therapies to correct errors and improve outcomes.” However, he acknowledged the challenges of making precision medicine accessible in low-resource regions. “These innovations require substantial financial investment,” he said. “Sustainable access depends on either a business case or strong public health motivation. Governments and investors must see the value in improving population health and productivity.”
Reflecting on his career, Okafor described his journey as both challenging and rewarding. “I started as an average Nigerian kid, studied physiology, and later pursued molecular genetics and diagnostics,” he said. “Hard work, mentorship, and a focus on solving unsolved problems have been key to my progress.” He advised young scientists to embrace their uniqueness and seek guidance. “Don’t be afraid to try difficult things or ask for help. When you find your niche, work hard to be the best in that space. Opportunities will come to you as you prove your capabilities.”
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