Africa’s youth population can turn challenges into opportunities – Santos

The global workforce is undergoing significant transformation, driven by factors such as digitalisation, artificial intelligence (AI), and evolving labour market demands. To shed light on these changes and their impact on emerging economies like Africa, BusinessDay’s Chinwe Michael in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, sat down with Roberto Suárez Santos, the secretary general of the International Organisation of Employers (IOE), the largest network of the private sector in the world. In this interview, he discusses the role of the private sector, the informal economy, gender disparities, and the digital revolution in shaping the future of work and how Africa’s youth population can turn challenges into opportunities.

How is IOE addressing the challenges of the future of work, particularly in emerging economies like Africa?

One major challenge in Africa is the dominance of the informal sector, which accounts for 70-80 percent of GDP in many countries. This sector often lacks compliance, effective regulations, and transparency, sometimes leading to corruption. To tackle this, we are organising a conference in Côte d’Ivoire to explore innovative solutions for integrating the informal sector into the formal economy and creating decent jobs for young people.

Additionally, Africa’s youth population presents a unique opportunity. If equipped with the right skills, they can drive global economic growth. Our focus is on improving education, vocational training, and access to technology to harness this potential.

The rapid rise of AI and automation is reshaping industries. Should people be worried about job losses, or is there an opportunity in AI?

AI is often met with fear, but it should be seen as an opportunity rather than a threat. It has the potential to create new industries, empower entrepreneurship, and connect people across the globe. However, for AI to be an enabler rather than a disruptor, we need investments in infrastructure, internet connectivity, and strong educational systems.

Rather than resisting AI, we should focus on reskilling and upskilling the workforce to align with new technological realities. Africa, in particular, has an opportunity to leapfrog traditional industries and become a leader in AI-driven innovation.

How can the private sector collaborate with educational institutions to bridge the skills gap?

There is still a significant disconnect between education and the labour market. Many graduates leave school without the skills needed in today’s workforce. We need stronger collaboration between the private sector and educational institutions to design curriculum that reflects industry demands.

This means integrating technical skills, STEM education, and soft skills like communication and problem-solving from an early stage. Vocational training and apprenticeships should also be emphasised to ensure young people are job-ready. A structured policy framework can facilitate this collaboration and drive job creation.

Women still face challenges in securing high-paying jobs, especially in STEM fields. What can be done to address this gender disparity?

Gender disparity in the workforce is still a pressing issue. Many cultural and systemic barriers prevent women from entering and advancing in STEM and leadership roles. At IOE, we actively advocate for policies that promote gender equality in the workplace.

We need more women in STEM education, leadership training, and mentorship programs. Companies should also implement policies that ensure equal pay and career progression opportunities for women. Leading by example, our organisation has a female president, and over 50 percent of our board members are women.

What role does the digital economy play in shaping the future of work?

The digital economy is a game changer. It provides young people with access to global markets, enhances productivity, and creates new job opportunities. However, to fully leverage its benefits, we must ensure widespread access to digital tools, high-speed internet, and quality digital education.

Another key factor is digital literacy. While younger generations are more adaptable to technology, older professionals may struggle with the transition. A holistic approach—one that includes infrastructure development, educational reform, and private sector investment—is essential for a thriving digital economy.

What is your final message to young Africans looking to thrive in the future of work?

Embrace change with confidence. The world is evolving, and new opportunities are emerging daily. Be proactive in learning, reskilling, and staying ahead of technological trends. Build networks, seek mentorship, and take advantage of digital platforms to expand your knowledge and career prospects.

Most importantly, believe in your potential. Africa has the talent and energy to lead the future of work; it just needs the right support and mindset to turn challenges into opportunities.