Each year, 100 million people fall into poverty because they have to pay for medicines out-of-pocket, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO), in part, now fuelling discourse for transparency and fair pricing for medicines.
The affordability of medicines has long been a concern for developing countries, but is now described by WHO as a global one. High-income countries’ health authorities are increasingly having to ration medicines for cancer, hepatitis C and rare diseases. The problem extends to older medicines whose patents have expired, such as insulin for diabetes.
At a global forum on fair pricing and access to medicines, delegates from governments and civil society organisations called for greater transparency around the cost of research and development as well as production of medicines, to allow buyers to negotiate more affordable prices.
“Medical innovation has little social value if most people cannot access its benefits,” said Mariângela Simão, WHO assistant director-general for Medicines and Health Products. “This is a global human rights issue – everyone has a right to access quality healthcare.”
A report commissioned by WHO in 2017 showed that the cost of production of most medicines on WHO’s Essential Medicines List was a small fraction of the final price paid by governments, patients or insurance schemes. Some delegates at the forum noted that a lack of transparency around prices paid by governments means that many low- and middle-income countries pay higher prices for certain medicines than wealthier countries do.
There was consensus that countries can take an initial step towards fostering greater transparency by sharing price information. Countries from the so-called Beneluxa network have already joined forces to share such information, and the results have been promising.
The data highlights discrepancies in what different countries are paying and can serve as a powerful tool to negotiate reduced prices. WHO’s database on vaccine markets and shortages – MI4A – was also highlighted at the forum as a useful tool to achieve competitive vaccine prices.
Industry bodies at the forum expressed support for the goal of access to medicines for all, and expressed their commitment to the Sustainable Development Agenda, which calls for partnership with the private sector to address global challenges such as access to medicines.
WHO says it will launch a public online consultation in the coming weeks to collect views and suggestions for a definition of what actually constitutes a ‘fair price’ from relevant stakeholders.
