Mali partners Russia to launch gold refinery amid mining sector overhaul
Nigeria’s push for energy independence through domestic refining is faltering as modular refineries face crude supply bottlenecks, punitive logistics costs, and a lack of incentives that leave them struggling to survive.
At the heart of the crisis lies a paradox. Nigeria, Africa’s largest crude producer with an installed refining capacity of 1.1 million barrels per day, continues to export around 70 percent of its oil, while modular refineries – smaller and cost-effective plants designed to plug the supply gap - operate at less than 10 perce
