Understanding the rights and responsibilities of tenants in Lagos

The global rental market is arguably larger than the owner-occupier market. In countries like the United States, nearly 44 million housing units are currently being rented, comprising 34% of total U.S. households. In the United Kingdom, roughly 35% of households rent their homes. Interestingly, these countries also have high homeownership rates, reflecting diverse housing markets.

In Nigeria, the rental market is significant. A 2019 study by NOI Polls revealed that more than 51% of Nigerians surveyed live in rented accommodation. While this data may seem outdated, it indicates that a substantial portion of the Nigerian population lives in rental housing. This is particularly true for urban areas like Lagos and Abuja, where the disparity between property values and household incomes makes home ownership challenging for many residents.

Key Rights and Responsibilities of Tenants in Lagos

Tenancy laws and regulations are there to ensure the rights responsibilities of tenants are protected. Also, knowing your rights as a tenant can help ensure you receive the full benefits of a rental agreement.Below are the key rights and responsibilities for tenants;

Rights of Tenants

1. Quiet and Peaceful Enjoyment

Tenants have the right to enjoy their rented premises without undue disturbance. This includes freedom from unreasonable noise and other nuisances.

2. Privacy

Every tenant is entitled to reasonable privacy within the rented property. Landlords must seek permission or give prior notice before entering the premises, except in emergencies.

3. Exclusive Possession

Once a tenant assumes occupancy, they have the right to exclusive possession of the premises, subject to the landlord’s restricted right of inspection. This means tenants can enjoy the space exclusively without unnecessary intrusion from the landlord.

4. Written Tenancy Agreement

Tenants in Lagos have the right to a written tenancy agreement. The agreement should clearly outline the names of the landlord and tenant, detailed property description, tenancy duration, rent amount, and provisions for rent review. Additionally, tenants are entitled to a receipt of payment for rent, including the amount paid, the location of the property, and the tenancy duration.

Responsibilities of Tenants

1. Payment of Rent

Tenants are required to pay rent as agreed upon in the tenancy agreement. Prompt payment is essential, and delays may be subject to penalties specified in the agreement.

2. Property Maintenance

Tenants are responsible for keeping the premises in good and tenantable repair, excluding reasonable wear and tear. This includes minor repairs and maintenance. Major structural repairs are usually the landlord’s responsibility unless otherwise stated in the agreement.

3. Permitting Landlord Access

Tenants must allow the landlord and their agents to view the condition of the premises and perform necessary repairs after previous written notice, typically during reasonable hours of the day.

4. Alterations and Subletting

Tenants should not make any alterations or additions to the premises without the landlord’s written consent. Additionally, subletting any part of the premises without written consent from the landlord is prohibited.

5. Notifying Landlord of Damages

Tenants must notify the landlord of any structural or substantial damage to the premises as soon as practicable.

6. Termination of Tenancy

Tenants must provide notice as specified in the tenancy agreement before terminating the lease. The notice period may vary depending on the terms agreed upon between the landlord and tenant.

7. Compliance with Property Use

Tenants are expected to use the property for the purpose specified in the tenancy agreement, such as residential use. Any changes in the use of the property may require the landlord’s approval.

8. Security and Safety

Tenants are responsible for taking reasonable precautions to ensure the security and safety of the property. Any security-related concerns or incidents should be reported to the landlord.

Understanding the rights and responsibilities of tenants is essential for maintaining a harmonious landlord-tenant relationship. The Lagos Tenancy Law of 2011 provides a comprehensive structure to ensure that tenants are treated fairly and landlords’ properties are respected and maintained. By adhering to these laws and agreements, tenants can enjoy a peaceful and secure living environment while fulfilling their obligations.