Nigerian states share N9trn in 4 years, yet some owe salaries

Nigeria’s Federal Accounts Allocation Committee (FAAC) has doled out in excess of N9.13 trillion to states in the past four years, BusinessDay can disclose. Year-on-year (yoy) FAAC distribution data obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) also disclosed three South-South states – Delta, Akwa Ibom and Rivers as recipients of the larger portion of the ‘Abuja’ money doled out to the 36 states and FCT.

Ironically, most Nigerian states depend primarily on monthly receipts from the FAAC to fund their budgets. Despite the record FAAC distribution in four years, some state governments are still unable to fund worker’s salaries, particularly those that claim they get lean FAAC and Internally Generated Revenue (IGR).

While there is palpable fear of expected FAAC to states becoming lean this time, it is worthy to note that in 2020, net FAAC allocation to states was N2.30 trillion. Our four-year FAAC allocation trend also reveals net allocation of N2.47 trillion to state in 2019, 2018 (N2.57trn), and 2017 (N1.79trn).

Many Nigerian states need to further embrace transparent reforms by expanding monitoring and reporting of all public spending as well as ensuring easy public access to spending data.

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed Nigeria at a critical juncture – as the country entered the crisis with falling per capita income, high inflation and governance challenges. Policy adjustment and reforms designed to shift the country from its dependence on oil and to diversify the economy toward private sector-led growth will set Nigeria on a more sustainable path to recovery.

The Nigerian economy exited recession in the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2020 with a modest 0.11 percent growth. Earlier this week, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) revised upward its growth forecast for the Nigerian economy in 2021 to 2.5 percent from its earlier projection of 1.5 percent it announced in January. The IMF announced the new projection in its World Economic Outlook update released on Tuesday.

Read Also: States with higher federal allocations, IGR lead in development

The new growth projection is 1 percent higher than the multilateral institution’s 2021 forecast in January. January’s forecast was a downward review from the forecast it shared in October 2020.

Oil and non-oil revenues are the major sources of government finances. The oil revenue includes proceeds from sales of crude oil, petroleum profit tax (PPT), rents and royalties, while the components of non-oil revenues are companies’ income tax (CIT), customs and excise duties, value-added tax (VAT) and personal income tax (PIT).

“Nigeria has one of the lowest revenue levels as a share of GDP worldwide. A large share of revenues is spent on the country’s public debt service payments, leaving insufficient fiscal space for critical social and infrastructure spending and to cushion an economic downturn. In this context, mobilising revenues through efficiency-enhancing and progressive measures is a top near-term priority.

“Revisiting tax exemptions and customs duty waivers, increasing and broadening the base for excise taxes, developing a high-integrity taxpayer register, enhancing digital infrastructure, and improving on-time filing and payment are important measures,” IMF had said in its “Five Questions About Nigeria’s Road to Recovery.”

The Fund had noted that once economic recovery takes root, Nigeria will need to increase the value-added tax rate to at least 10 percent by 2022 and 15 percent by 2025 — “the average in countries belonging to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) — to create effective fiscal space.”

In 2020, the FAAC disbursed N2.49 trillion to the Federal Government of Nigeria while states received a total of N2.30 trillion within the period under review.

The months with the highest Net Allocation in 2020 were January and August with N243.45 billion and N232.34 billion, respectively, while the least amount disbursed to the Federal Government in 2020 where in December and November with N160.59 billion and N176.29 billion, respectively.

The total Net FAAC Allocation to state government stood at N2.30 trillion, Delta and Akwa Ibom states received the highest allocation of N186.83 billion and N146.27 billion, respectively, in 2020, while Osun and Cross River states received the least allocation of N30.63 billion and N32.89 billion in that order. Gbetiokun Derivation and Suko Derivation accounted for N1.03 billion and N994.94 million, respectively.

In 2019, the FAAC disbursed N2.93 trillion to the Federal Government. The highest Net Allocation in 2019 were disbursed in the months of July and September with N275.03 billion and N266.49 billion, respectively, while the least amount disbursed to the Federal Government in 2019 were in May and March with N219.51billion and N223.28billion, respectively.

In 2019, the total Net FAAC Allocation to state governments stood at N2.47 trillion. Delta and Akwa Ibom states received the highest allocation of N219.28 billion and N171.98 billion, respectively, in 2019, while Osun and Cross River states received the least allocation of N24.22 billion and N36.31 billion in 2019.

Nigeria’s export structure has not fundamentally changed over the decades, with hydrocarbon products still accounting for 90 percent of the country’s exports today as they did in the 1970s.

The FAAC disbursed N3.19trillion to the Federal Government in 2018 while states received a total of N2.57 trillion within the period under review.

The amount disbursed to the Federal Government comprised of N2.8 trillion as Net Statutory Allocation, N156.98 billion as VAT, N10.66 billion as NNPC refund and the distribution of N128.41 billion from the FOREX equalisation fund.

Delta and Akwa Ibom states received the highest allocation of N213.63billion and N202.37billion, respectively, in 2018, while Osun and Cross River states received the least allocation of N22.84 billion and N36.95 billion in that order.

In 2017, the FAAC disbursed N2.38 trillion to the Federal Government while states received a total of N1.79 trillion within the period under review.

The amount disbursed to the Federal Government comprised of N2.12 trillion as Gross Statutory Allocation, N139.39 billion as VAT, N32.74 billion as NNPC refund and the distribution of N24.24 billion from the FOREX equalisation fund.

Akwa Ibom and Rivers states received the highest allocation of N143.61 billion and N119.63 billion, respectively, in 2017, while Osun and Cross River states received the least allocation of N10.44 billion and N23.45 billion in that order.

The FAAC disbursed N619.34 billion to the three tiers of government in December 2020 from the revenue generated in January 2021.

The amount disbursed comprised of N437.26 billion from the Statutory Account, N3.83 billion as Exchange Gain Difference, N6.90 billion from Distribution of FOREX Equalisation and N171.36 billion from VAT.

The Federal Government received a total of N218.30 billion from the N619.34 billion. States received a total of N178.30 billion and Local Governments received N131.79 billion. The sum of N31.83 billion was shared among the oil producing states as 13 percent derivation fund.

Revenue generating agencies such as Nigeria Customs Service (NCS), Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) and Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) received N6.99 billion, N10.43 billion and N6.36 billion, respectively, as cost of revenue collections.

Further breakdown of revenue allocation distribution to the Federal Government revealed that N146.33 billion was disbursed to the Federal Government consolidated revenue account; N3.69 billion shared as share of derivation and ecology; N1.85 billion as stabilisation fund; N6.20 billion for the development of natural resources, and N5.22 billion to the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.