10 poorest African countries in 2025 – IMF

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) report on Africa’s economy, BusinessDay has identified the ten poorest countries in Africa which have the lowest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in 2025.

The data provides insight into the financial struggles affecting millions across the continent. Some smaller nations face challenges due to limited resources, weak financial sectors, and tax policies that discourage foreign investment. Larger economies continue to experience economic stagnation due to internal conflicts, political instability, and inadequate infrastructure.

While some countries have made progress in governance, infrastructure, and trade, economic stability remains a challenge. Investment in education, healthcare, and industry could play a role in improving economic conditions. International organisations, governments, and private investors are exploring ways to support growth and stability in the region.

GDP measures a country’s total annual production of goods and services. GDP per capita provides a clearer picture by dividing total GDP by the population, though it does not account for cost-of-living differences. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) adjusts for inflation and local costs to offer a more accurate comparison of living standards.

Some nations have inflated GDP figures due to tax policies that attract foreign businesses. GDP per capita PPP is often used to assess economic conditions more accurately and identify the poorest nations.

According to the IMF, Here are the 10 poorest countries in Africa by GDP per capita (PPP) in Africa 2025 as of February 25.

South Sudan – GDP-PPP per capita: $960.24

South Sudan, the youngest country in Africa, faces severe economic challenges exacerbated by conflicts, political instability, and reliance on oil exports. The country’s economy is highly vulnerable to external shocks, making sustainable development a formidable task.

Burundi – GDP-PPP per capita: $1,009

Burundi continues to struggle with economic difficulties, with a large portion of its population dependent on subsistence farming. Limited industrial development and external trade challenges contribute to slow economic growth.

Central African Republic (CAR) – GDP-PPP per capita: $1,314

The Central African Republic has faced prolonged political instability, affecting its ability to attract investment and build sustainable industries. Many citizens struggle with food insecurity and limited access to essential services.

Malawi – GDP-PPP per capita: $1,765

Malawi’s economy is largely dependent on agriculture, but climate-related challenges and limited industrialisation hinder growth. The country faces difficulties in diversifying its economy and expanding job opportunities.

Mozambique – GDP-PPP per capita: $1,787

Mozambique struggles with economic instability due to natural disasters and challenges in managing its natural resources. Political and economic reforms remain critical for long-term growth.

Somalia – GDP-PPP per capita: $1,900

Somalia continues to experience economic hardships driven by ongoing security concerns. Political instability and weak governance structures have made it difficult to develop sustainable industries and attract foreign investment.

Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) – GDP-PPP per capita: $1,908

The DRC is rich in natural resources, yet economic instability and governance issues have hindered development. Many citizens continue to face poverty despite the country’s vast mineral wealth.

Liberia – GDP-PPP per capita: $2,003

Liberia has struggled to recover from years of civil conflict and economic instability. While there have been efforts to improve infrastructure and governance, many people still experience economic hardship.

Madagascar – GDP -PPP per capita: $2,062

Madagascar faces economic challenges due to political instability, limited industrialisation, and climate-related issues affecting agriculture. Efforts to boost economic development through investment in infrastructure and industry remain crucial..

Niger – GDP -PPP per capita: $2,084

Niger faces challenges related to climate change, low industrialisation, and high population growth, which put pressure on limited resources and public services.

Chisom Michael

Chisom Michael is a data analyst (audience engagement) and writer at BusinessDay, with diverse experience in the media industry. He holds a BSc in Industrial Physics from Imo State University and an MEng in Computer Science and Technology from Liaoning Univerisity of Technology China. He specialises in listicle writing, profiles and leveraging his skills in audience engagement analysis and data-driven insights to create compelling content that resonates with readers.

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