Lately in South Africa, marches organised by groups like Operation Dudula and the March and March coalition have hardened into a sustained campaign of anti-migrant mobilisation, with foreign-owned shops shuttered, clinics picketed, and identity checks conducted in the streets.
In Ghana, the Ghana Union of Traders Association has periodically shut down Nigerian-owned retail businesses and, as recently as last year, protesters marched through Accra and Kumasi carrying placards that read "Nigeria Must Go".
Across the continent, economic hard
